Key Findings

In Brunei, the practice is referred to as sunat.

There are no official data, but local organisations strongly believe that it is widespread.

Attitudes

Religious obligation is the most commonly cited reason for sunat

Age

Most Malay girls are likely to be cut in infancy

Type

There are no data available on what type is most commonly practised

Agent

There is some evidence to show that sunat is becoming medicalised

Distribution of sunat across Brunei

Brunei Darussalam is a small country of less than 6,000 square kilometres and a population of less than half a million. The national language is Malay, and, as Malays comprise 73.5% of the population, it is likely that the practice of sunat is widespread in the country. 

Only recently has the Government of Brunei acknowledged that female circumcision (sunat) occurs in the country. But it does not consider the Brunei practice to be female genital mutilation / cutting. However, Musawah, an international civil-society organisation campaigning for justice in Muslim family law and equal rights for Muslim women, did put forward the issue of FGM/C in its report to the CEDAW in 2014, stating: "Although no official data is available, Musawah has strong reason to believe that FGM/C is widely prevalent in Brunei. All 20 of the respondents that Musawah interviewed had undergone the process; some noted that this was a ‘default’ procedure that occurs in all government hospitals."

Distribution of sunat across Brunei

Click on the map to enlarge

FGM/C Legislation in Brunei

There is no specific law against FGM/C or sunat in Brunei Darussalam. 

In June 2020, the Government of Brunei stated that "Female genital mutilation can be charged under section 320 of the Penal Code (Chapter 22) as an offence of causing grievous hurt ...". However sunat is unlikely to be regarded as 'grievous hurt' but it could be considered 'hurt' which is prosecutable under section 319 of the Penal Code.  

Development Indicators

Population Growth

462,920 (as at 19 March 2024) with a 1.46% growth rate

Infant Mortality

10.3 deaths per 1,000 live births (2023)

Maternal Mortality

44 deaths per 100,000 live births (2020)

SDG Gender Index

102 out of 166 countries in 2023 (65.7%)